Side-by-side · Research reference
5-Amino-1MQvsP21
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-StrongAUTO-DRAFTED8/38 cited
BAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED8/36 cited
5-Amino-1MQ
NNMT inhibitor · Methylation / SAM modulation
Oral · Once daily fasted
P21
CNTF-Derived Neuropeptide · Animal Model Evidence
Animal onlyEvidence level
SQ · Site unspecified · Frequency unknown
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
5-Amino-1MQ
P21
Primary target
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)Neelakantan 2018
CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) / LIF receptor (LIFR) / gp130 complex on neural stem cells
Pathway
NNMT inhibition → preserved cellular SAM + NAD⁺ → restored methylation balance + ↑ thermogenic gene expressionNeelakantan 2018
CNTF mimetic → CNTFRα/LIFR/gp130 heterotrimer → JAK/STAT3 signaling → neurogenesis, stem cell proliferation, neuroprotection
Downstream effect
Reversal of HFD-induced obesity in murine models; improved metabolic profileNeelakantan 2018
Increased neural stem cell self-renewal, globose basal cell activation (Mash1+ cells), olfactory sensory neuron regeneration, hippocampal neurogenesis, neuroprotection in developmental disorders
Feedback intact?
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Origin
Selective small-molecule inhibitor designed in academic medicinal chemistry programsNeelakantan 2018
Small-molecule peptide mimetic derived from full-length ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), designed to retain receptor activation with improved pharmacokineticsMottolese 2024
Antibody development
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02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
5-Amino-1MQ
P21
Frequency
Once daily, fasted
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Lower / starter dose
50 mg / day
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Evidence basis
Animal-strong; no human RCT dataNeelakantan 2018
Animal models only
CDKL5 KO mice, methimazole-induced olfactory injury, CNTF-/- knockout models.Mottolese 2024Cox 2026Jia 2020
Duration
8–12 weeks per cycle
Not specified
Form
Oral capsule
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Timing
Morning fasted preferred
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Half-life
Hours (estimated; no human PK published)
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Human dosing
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No established protocol
No clinical trial data available.
Animal models (mice)
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Dose and route not specified in abstractsMottolese 2024Jia 2020
In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate efficacy; precise dosing protocols not disclosed.
Route
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Presumed subcutaneous or intraperitoneal (animal studies)
04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
5-Amino-1MQ
P21
GI symptoms
Mild nausea (anecdotal)
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Methylation disruption
Theoretical risk if NNMT is over-inhibited (B vitamin metabolism)
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Long-term safety
Unknown — no human trials
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Cancer risk
Unclear — NNMT also studied in oncology contexts
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Pregnancy / OB
Avoid
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Drug interactions
Theoretical with niacin / B-vitamin supplements
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Human safety data
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None available
No clinical trials in humans.
Animal tolerability
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Well-tolerated in mouse models; no toxicity reported in available abstracts
Theoretical risks
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Uncontrolled stem cell proliferation, immune response to peptide, unknown long-term CNS effects
Absolute Contraindications
5-Amino-1MQ
- ·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
- ·Active malignancy
P21
- ·Use in humans not validated
Relative Contraindications
5-Amino-1MQ
- ·Methylation-sensitive conditions (MTHFR mutation)
- ·Concurrent niacin / NAD+ precursor supplementation (theoretical interference)
P21
- ·Active malignancy (theoretical — neurotrophic signaling may affect tumour growth)
- ·Pregnancy or lactation (no safety data)
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
5-Amino-1MQ
P21
1. Form
Oral capsule. No injection.
Not established. No FDA approval, no clinical trial data.
2. Administration
Take with water, fasted preferred.
In vivo studies used systemic administration (route not specified in abstracts) in mouse models of neurodegeneration, olfactory injury, and CDKL5 deficiency disorder. In vitro studies used primary cell cultures.
3. Timing
Morning fasted.
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4. Storage
Room temp ≤25 °C, dry place.
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5. Caveat
Monitor B-vitamin status with chronic use.
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