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Specimen Atlas of Research Peptides81 plates · MIT
Side-by-side · Research reference

AdamaxvsGlutathione

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED20/47 cited
BHuman-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED6/39 cited
Adamax
ACTH(4-10) Analogue · Russian Nootropic
1.4×BDNF protein ↑Dolotov 2006
BDNF mRNA (exon III)Dolotov 2006
1.6×trkB phosphorylationDolotov 2006
Intranasal · Research Use Only
Glutathione
Endogenous Tripeptide · Antioxidant
γ-Glu-Cys-GlyStructure
UbiquitousTissue distribution
GCL + GSBiosynthesisWang 2026Aiana 2026
IV · Oral · Inhaled

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter
Adamax
Glutathione
Primary target
Melanocortin receptors (MC-Rs) in hippocampus and cortex
Intracellular redox systems, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase
Pathway
ACTH(4-10) fragment → MC-R binding → BDNF/trkB upregulation → neurotrophic signaling
Synthesized via glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) → γ-glutamylcysteine → glutathione synthetase (GS) → GSH
Downstream effect
Increased hippocampal BDNF expression, trkB tyrosine phosphorylation, enhanced conditioned avoidance learning, circadian rhythm normalizationDolotov 2006Arushanian 2008
Reduction of reactive oxygen species, conjugation of electrophiles, maintenance of cellular thiol-disulfide balance, GPX4 activation for lipid peroxide reduction
Feedback intact?
Non-endocrine — devoid of adrenal axis effectsvan 1978
Origin
ACTH(4-10) fragment with modified amino acid sequence at positions 8, 9, 10Teter 2001
Endogenous tripeptide; predominantly synthesized in liver, exported to extracellular space and tissuesTerrell 2025Hecht 2026
Antibody development

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter
Adamax
Glutathione
Animal dose (rat)
50 mcg/kg body weightDolotov 2006
Single intranasal application; produced maximal BDNF response.
Route
Frequency
Single-dose or chronic administration protocols
Chronic dosing normalized circadian rhythms; single-dose produced acute BDNF elevation.
Human dose (exploratory)
Not established — limited human data
ACTH(4-10) and analogs dosed 30–60 mcg intranasally in early human studies.
Evidence basis
Animal (rodent, rabbit) studies; minimal human RCT data
Animal mechanistic + human mechanistic
Timing
Variable — chronic administration for circadian effects
Endogenous synthesis
Hepatic synthesis ~10 g/day (basal rate)
Tissue-specific; demand-driven upregulation via Nrf2 signaling.
Exogenous oral
250–1000 mg/day
Bioavailability limited; gastric hydrolysis reduces systemic uptake.
IV supplementation
600–1200 mg (research protocols)
Used in clinical oxidative stress and hepatic detoxification studies.
Precursor strategy
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 600–1200 mg/day
Provides cysteine for endogenous GSH synthesis; bypasses GI degradation.

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter
Adamax
Glutathione
Cardiovascular effects
ACTH(4-10) fragments may have pressor and cardioaccelerator actions at high dosesGruber 1984
Effects attenuated by α/β-receptor antagonists; observed at 30–1000 nmol/kg IV in rats.
Natriuretic effect
ACTH(4-10) exhibited natriuretic activity at lower doses (7 nmol/kg)Gruber 1984
Behavioral suppression
Suppression of aggression, reduced orientation-cognition reactions in rabbitsTeter 2001
May reflect anxiolytic or stress-dampening profile.
Long-term safety
Unknown — chronic human safety data lacking
Oral supplementation
GI discomfort, bloating (mild, dose-dependent)
IV administration
Rare hypersensitivity, infusion site reaction
Inhalation
Bronchospasm risk in asthma (rare)
Tumor metabolism
Extracellular GSH catabolism supplies cysteine to tumors; theoretical concern in active malignancyHecht 2026
Absolute Contraindications
Adamax
  • ·Pregnancy and lactation (precautionary; no data)
  • ·Active cardiovascular instability (due to potential pressor effects)
Glutathione
Relative Contraindications
Adamax
  • ·Hypertension (monitor BP if using higher doses)
  • ·Renal impairment (natriuretic effects may alter electrolyte balance)
Glutathione
  • ·Active malignancy (theoretical cysteine supply risk)Hecht 2026
  • ·Severe asthma (inhaled formulations)

05Administration Protocol

Parameter
Adamax
Glutathione
1. Reconstitution (if lyophilised)
Add sterile water or bacteriostatic water to lyophilised vial per manufacturer guidance. Roll gently — do not shake. Ensure clarity before use.
Capsule or liquid form, 250–1000 mg once daily. Take on empty stomach for improved absorption, though GI hydrolysis limits bioavailability. NAC precursor strategy often preferred.
2. Route
Intranasal administration is the primary route in animal and exploratory human studies. Delivered via nasal spray or dropper to ensure mucosal absorption.Dolotov 2006Smolnik 2000
Clinical protocols: 600–1200 mg slow infusion over 30–60 minutes. Used for acute oxidative stress, hepatic detoxification support. Administered in medical settings.
3. Timing
Variable. Single-dose protocols for acute cognitive tasks; chronic daily dosing for circadian rhythm normalization and sustained neuroprotection.
Nebulized GSH (research protocols). Monitor for bronchospasm in reactive airway patients. Used experimentally for pulmonary oxidative stress.
4. Storage
Lyophilised: room temperature, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate 2–8 °C, use within manufacturer-specified timeframe.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 600–1200 mg/day PO. Provides cysteine substrate for endogenous GSH synthesis. Bypasses gastric degradation, preferred for chronic supplementation.

06Stack Synergy

Adamax
+ Semax
Moderate
View Semax

Both Adamax and Semax are ACTH(4-10)-derived nootropics acting via melanocortin receptors and BDNF upregulation. Adamax has distinct amino acid modifications at positions 8-10, potentially offering complementary receptor binding profiles or metabolic stability. Stacking may amplify neurotrophic signaling and cognitive enhancement, though direct synergy studies are absent. Theoretical multi-pathway benefit.

Adamax
Research dose intranasal
Semax
300–600 mcg intranasal
Frequency
Once daily, morning or pre-cognitive task
Primary benefit
Enhanced BDNF upregulation, cognitive performance, neuroprotection
Glutathione
— no documented stacks