Side-by-side · Research reference
AdipotidevsARA 290
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED15/49 cited
BPhase 2HUMAN-REVIEWED17/59 cited
Adipotide
Pro-apoptotic Vascular-Targeting Peptide · Preclinical Only
IV · Systemic · Preclinical Protocols OnlyHossen 2013
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
Adipotide
ARA 290
Primary target
Prohibitin-1 (PHB1) on adipose vasculature endotheliumHossen 2013
Innate repair receptor (EPO receptor / CD131 heterodimer)
Pathway
CKGGRAKDC domain binds PHB1 → Peptide internalisation → D(KLAKLAK)₂ mitochondrial membrane disruption
EPO/CD131 → JAK2 activation → PI3K/AKT, MAPK signaling → anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic cascades
Downstream effect
Endothelial apoptosis → Adipose vascular collapse → Adipocyte involution → Weight loss
Tissue protection, nerve fiber regeneration, suppression of inflammatory macrophage activation, altered T-cell differentiation (↑Treg, ↑Th2, ↓Th1)Liu 2014Culver 2017
Feedback intact?
N/A — Direct apoptotic mechanism, non-hormonal
N/A — does not interact with hematopoietic EPO receptorLiu 2014
Origin
Synthetic bioconjugate: PHB1-targeting homing peptide + pro-apoptotic KLA sequence
11-amino-acid sequence from EPO helix B, engineered to eliminate hematopoietic activity while retaining tissue-protective properties
Antibody development
—
Not reported in clinical trials
02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
Adipotide
ARA 290
Animal dose (mouse)
Low dose (not specified in abstract)Hossen 2013
Systemic injection in diet-induced obesity (DIO) models.Hossen 2013
—
Frequency
Not specified in available data
Once daily
Self-administered subcutaneously.
Evidence basis
Preclinical animal models only
Phase 2 RCTsCulver 2017Brines 2015
64-subject sarcoidosis trial, type 2 diabetes trial.
Human data
None — no clinical trials reported
—
Standard dose (Phase 2)
—
4 mg / dayBrines 2015Culver 2017
Sarcoidosis SFN and diabetic neuropathy trials.
Timing
—
Any time of day
No circadian dependence reported.
03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence
Parameter
Adipotide
ARA 290
Primary fat target
White adipose tissue (all depots)
—
Body weight reduction
Significant reduction in DIO miceHossen 2013
Absolute values not provided in abstract.
—
Leptin levels
Significant decrease
Parallel to adipose mass reduction.
—
Effect on adipocytes
Antiobesity effect on dysfunctional adipose cells (adipocytes + macrophages)Hossen 2013
—
Ectopic fat
Reduction in ectopic fat depositionHossen 2013
Marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue / metabolic syndrome.
—
Species tested
Obese rhesus monkeys, DIO mice
—
Human translation
Unknown — no clinical trials
—
Primary effect
—
Improved metabolic control (HbA1c, fasting glucose)Brines 2015
Secondary to neuropathy treatment; direct lipolytic effects not established.
HbA1c
—
Significant reduction vs placebo
Observed in type 2 diabetes + neuropathy trial.
Fasting glucose
—
Improved in ARA 290 group
Body composition
—
Not directly quantified
Fat loss not a primary endpoint; metabolic improvements may reflect insulin sensitivity.
04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
Adipotide
ARA 290
Safety profile
Unknown — preclinical data only
—
Vascular selectivity
Targets adipose vasculature; off-target vascular effects unknown
—
Apoptotic mechanism risk
Pro-apoptotic payload may affect unintended tissues if selectivity incomplete
—
Kidney / liver toxicity
Not reported in available data
—
Immunogenicity
Not assessed in available data
No antibody formation reported
Injection site reaction
—
Mild, transient
Hematopoiesis
—
None — non-erythropoietic
Distinguishes ARA 290 from native EPO.
Cardiovascular
—
No thrombotic events or hypertension reported
Absolute Contraindications
Adipotide
- ·Human use — not approved, no clinical safety data
ARA 290
- ·Hypersensitivity to ARA 290
Relative Contraindications
Adipotide
- ·Any condition requiring intact adipose-tissue vascularisation
ARA 290
- ·Active malignancy (theoretical EPO-axis concern; not observed in trials)
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
Adipotide
ARA 290
1. Route
Intravenous injection (systemic) in preclinical models. No human protocols exist.
Reconstitute lyophilised powder per manufacturer instructions. Use sterile technique.
2. Formulation
Bioconjugate peptide. May also be encapsulated in nanoparticles (prohibitin-targeted nanoparticle formulation, KLA-PTNP, showed superior efficacy vs. free bioconjugate in mice).Hossen 2013
Subcutaneous — abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate sites to avoid lipohypertrophy.
3. Preclinical dosing
Low-dose systemic injection (exact dosing not specified in available abstract). Frequency and duration not detailed.Hossen 2013
Once daily, any time of day. Self-administered in Phase 2 trials.Brines 2015
4. Storage
Not specified — likely requires peptide-grade lyophilised storage and reconstitution.
4 mg daily for 28 days (Phase 2 protocol). Duration for chronic use not established.Culver 2017
5. Storage
—
Lyophilised: store at controlled room temperature. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within specified timeframe.
06Stack Synergy
Adipotide
— no documented stacks
ARA 290
+ BPC-157
ModerateARA 290 targets the innate repair receptor (EPO/CD131) for nerve regeneration and anti-inflammatory signaling, while BPC-157 promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair through distinct mechanisms (likely involving VEGF, growth hormone receptor pathways). Combined, they may address both neuroinflammation and structural tissue repair in neuropathy or injury models. No direct clinical data; mechanistic overlap in tissue protection.
- ARA 290
- 4 mg SQ · daily
- BPC-157
- 250–500 mcg SQ · daily
- Frequency
- Once daily, same or separate injections
- Primary benefit
- Nerve regeneration, pain reduction, tissue healing