Side-by-side · Research reference

AdipotidevsCortagen

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED15/49 cited

BAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED11/35 cited

Adipotide

Pro-apoptotic Vascular-Targeting Peptide · Preclinical Only

PreclinicalStatus

PHB1TargetHossen 2013

ApoptosisMechanismHossen 2013

IV · Systemic · Preclinical Protocols OnlyHossen 2013

Cortagen

Bioregulatory Tetrapeptide · Khavinson-School

TetrapeptideStructure

↓ LPO productsAntioxidant effectKozina 2007

AnimalEvidence level

Injectable · Animal models

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Adipotide

Cortagen

Primary target

Prohibitin-1 (PHB1) on adipose vasculature endotheliumHossen 2013

Cerebral cortex tissue — molecular targets under investigation

Pathway

CKGGRAKDC domain binds PHB1 → Peptide internalisation → D(KLAKLAK)₂ mitochondrial membrane disruption

Antioxidant pathway modulation — suppression of LPO cascade, reduction of protein oxidative modificationKozina 2007

Downstream effect

Endothelial apoptosis → Adipose vascular collapse → Adipocyte involution → Weight loss

Decreased lipid peroxidation products, reduced oxidative protein damage, altered gene expression in cardiac tissueKozina 2007 Anisimov 2004

Feedback intact?

N/A — Direct apoptotic mechanism, non-hormonal

—

Origin

Synthetic bioconjugate: PHB1-targeting homing peptide + pro-apoptotic KLA sequence

Synthetic tetrapeptide derived from amino acid analysis of natural brain cortex peptide preparation CortexinAnisimov 2004

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Adipotide

Cortagen

Animal dose (mouse)

Low dose (not specified in abstract)Hossen 2013

Systemic injection in diet-induced obesity (DIO) models.Hossen 2013

—

Route

Intravenous (systemic injection)

Injectable (inferred from animal protocols)

Frequency

Not specified in available data

—

Evidence basis

Preclinical animal models only

Animal mechanistic studies

Human data

None — no clinical trials reported

—

Animal model dose (rat)

—

Injection protocol (dose not specified in abstracts)

Multiple injections over study period.

Avian model dose (chicken)

—

40-day injection courseKuznik 2008

Compared to epithalon in hypophysectomized and aged birds.

Human peripheral nerve study

—

Therapeutic course (protocol details not provided)

Posttraumatic recovery context — reference cited but not detailed.

03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence

Parameter

Adipotide

Cortagen

Primary fat target

White adipose tissue (all depots)

—

Mechanism

Vascular apoptosis → adipose blood supply collapse → adipocyte deathHossen 2013

—

Body weight reduction

Significant reduction in DIO miceHossen 2013

Absolute values not provided in abstract.

—

Leptin levels

Significant decrease

Parallel to adipose mass reduction.

—

Effect on adipocytes

Antiobesity effect on dysfunctional adipose cells (adipocytes + macrophages)Hossen 2013

—

Ectopic fat

Reduction in ectopic fat depositionHossen 2013

Marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue / metabolic syndrome.

—

Species tested

Obese rhesus monkeys, DIO mice

—

Human translation

Unknown — no clinical trials

—

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Adipotide

Cortagen

Safety profile

Unknown — preclinical data only

—

Vascular selectivity

Targets adipose vasculature; off-target vascular effects unknown

—

Apoptotic mechanism risk

Pro-apoptotic payload may affect unintended tissues if selectivity incomplete

—

Kidney / liver toxicity

Not reported in available data

—

Immunogenicity

Not assessed in available data

—

Antioxidant suppression

—

Suppression of antioxidant activity noted alongside LPO reductionKozina 2007

Mechanism unclear — possible homeostatic adaptation.

Immune/hemostasis effects

—

No effect on immunity or hemostasis parameters in avian hypophysectomy model (unlike epithalon)Kuznik 2008

Epithalon reversed deficits; cortagen did not.

Human safety data

—

No adverse events reported in peripheral nerve recovery context

Limited detail in available abstracts.

Absolute Contraindications

Adipotide

·Human use — not approved, no clinical safety data

Cortagen

—

Relative Contraindications

Adipotide

·Any condition requiring intact adipose-tissue vascularisation

Cortagen

—

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Adipotide

Cortagen

1. Route

Intravenous injection (systemic) in preclinical models. No human protocols exist.

Reconstitute lyophilised peptide with bacteriostatic water per supplier protocol. Exact volumes depend on concentration supplied.

2. Formulation

Bioconjugate peptide. May also be encapsulated in nanoparticles (prohibitin-targeted nanoparticle formulation, KLA-PTNP, showed superior efficacy vs. free bioconjugate in mice).Hossen 2013

Subcutaneous injection typical for bioregulatory peptides — abdomen or thigh. Rotate sites.

3. Preclinical dosing

Low-dose systemic injection (exact dosing not specified in available abstract). Frequency and duration not detailed.Hossen 2013

Animal protocols used repeated dosing over weeks. Human timing not established — evening administration common in Khavinson tradition.

4. Storage

Not specified — likely requires peptide-grade lyophilised storage and reconstitution.

Lyophilised: refrigerate or freeze per supplier. Reconstituted: refrigerate 2–8 °C, use within guideline window.