Side-by-side · Research reference

AdipotidevsTB-500

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED15/49 cited

BPhase 2HUMAN-REVIEWED8/46 cited

Adipotide

Pro-apoptotic Vascular-Targeting Peptide · Preclinical Only

PreclinicalStatus

PHB1TargetHossen 2013

ApoptosisMechanismHossen 2013

IV · Systemic · Preclinical Protocols OnlyHossen 2013

TB-500

Thymosin β4 fragment · Healing

2 mgPer doseGoldstein 2012

Phase 2Evidence levelGoldstein 2012

~2 hrHalf-life

SQ or IM · Multiple sites · 2–3×/week

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Adipotide

TB-500

Primary target

Prohibitin-1 (PHB1) on adipose vasculature endotheliumHossen 2013

G-actin (sequestering) + cell-surface integrinsGoldstein 2012

Pathway

CKGGRAKDC domain binds PHB1 → Peptide internalisation → D(KLAKLAK)₂ mitochondrial membrane disruption

Actin remodelling → cell migration; integrin-linked signaling → angiogenesis; anti-inflammatory cytokine modulationGoldstein 2012 Malinda 1999

Downstream effect

Endothelial apoptosis → Adipose vascular collapse → Adipocyte involution → Weight loss

Accelerated wound healing, endothelial migration, hair follicle regeneration, cardiac repair (preclinical)Goldstein 2012

Feedback intact?

N/A — Direct apoptotic mechanism, non-hormonal

Endogenous protein at baseline; supplementation amplifies

Origin

Synthetic bioconjugate: PHB1-targeting homing peptide + pro-apoptotic KLA sequence

17-AA active fragment of endogenous 43-AA thymosin β4 (TMSB4X gene)Goldstein 2012

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Adipotide

TB-500

Animal dose (mouse)

Low dose (not specified in abstract)Hossen 2013

Systemic injection in diet-induced obesity (DIO) models.Hossen 2013

—

Route

Intravenous (systemic injection)

—

Frequency

Not specified in available data

2× per week (loading); then 1× per week (maintenance)

Evidence basis

Preclinical animal models only

Animal-strong + Phase 2 dermal/ocular trialsGoldstein 2012

Human data

None — no clinical trials reported

—

Standard dose

—

2 mg per injectionGoldstein 2012

Anecdotal community range; clinical Phase 2 trials used 70–840 mcg/kg IV.

Lower / starter dose

—

1 mg per injection

Duration

—

4–8 weeks loading; longer maintenance for chronic injury

Reconstitution

—

Bacteriostatic water, 1–2 mL per 5 mg vial

Timing

—

Evening or pre-rest preferred (anecdotal)

Half-life

—

~2 hours (estimated; tissue uptake longer)

03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence

Parameter

Adipotide

TB-500

Primary fat target

White adipose tissue (all depots)

—

Mechanism

Vascular apoptosis → adipose blood supply collapse → adipocyte deathHossen 2013

—

Body weight reduction

Significant reduction in DIO miceHossen 2013

Absolute values not provided in abstract.

—

Leptin levels

Significant decrease

Parallel to adipose mass reduction.

—

Effect on adipocytes

Antiobesity effect on dysfunctional adipose cells (adipocytes + macrophages)Hossen 2013

—

Ectopic fat

Reduction in ectopic fat depositionHossen 2013

Marker of dysfunctional adipose tissue / metabolic syndrome.

—

Species tested

Obese rhesus monkeys, DIO mice

—

Human translation

Unknown — no clinical trials

—

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Adipotide

TB-500

Safety profile

Unknown — preclinical data only

—

Vascular selectivity

Targets adipose vasculature; off-target vascular effects unknown

—

Apoptotic mechanism risk

Pro-apoptotic payload may affect unintended tissues if selectivity incomplete

—

Kidney / liver toxicity

Not reported in available data

—

Immunogenicity

Not assessed in available data

—

Injection site reaction

—

Mild erythema, transient pain

GI symptoms

—

Rare nausea (anecdotal)

Cancer risk

—

Theoretical via angiogenesis pathway

Lethargy / fatigue

—

Reported anecdotally during loading phase

Antibody formation

—

No data (no long-term human trials)

Pregnancy / OB

—

Avoid

Long-term safety

—

Unknown beyond Phase 2

Absolute Contraindications

Adipotide

·Human use — not approved, no clinical safety data

TB-500

·Active malignancy (theoretical angiogenesis concern)
·Pregnancy / breastfeeding

Relative Contraindications

Adipotide

·Any condition requiring intact adipose-tissue vascularisation

TB-500

·Cancer history
·Concurrent VEGF inhibitor therapy

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Adipotide

TB-500

1. Route

Intravenous injection (systemic) in preclinical models. No human protocols exist.

Add 1–2 mL bacteriostatic water to 5 mg vial → 2.5–5 mg/mL. Roll gently.

2. Formulation

Bioconjugate peptide. May also be encapsulated in nanoparticles (prohibitin-targeted nanoparticle formulation, KLA-PTNP, showed superior efficacy vs. free bioconjugate in mice).Hossen 2013

SQ near injury site (preferred), or systemic SQ (abdomen). Rotate sites.

3. Preclinical dosing

Low-dose systemic injection (exact dosing not specified in available abstract). Frequency and duration not detailed.Hossen 2013

Evening or pre-sleep is most common anecdotal timing.

4. Storage

Not specified — likely requires peptide-grade lyophilised storage and reconstitution.

Lyophilised: room temp, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate, ≤30 days.

5. Needle

—

27–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

06Stack Synergy

Adipotide

— no documented stacks

TB-500

+ BPC-157

Strong

View BPC-157 →

TB-500 and BPC-157 cover complementary halves of tissue repair: BPC-157 upregulates VEGFR2-driven angiogenesis and fibroblast outgrowth; TB-500 sequesters G-actin to enable endothelial / epithelial migration. The anecdotal canonical "healing stack" — pairs especially well for tendon and ligament injuries.

TB-500: 2 mg SQ · 2× per week
BPC-157: 250–500 mcg SQ · daily
Primary benefit: Combined angiogenesis + cell migration for tendon/ligament/muscle repair