Side-by-side · Research reference

AOD-9604vsKPV

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

APhase 2Reviewed10/47 cited

BAnimal-StrongDraft13/39 cited

AOD-9604

HGH 176-191 · β3-AR Lipolytic

250–300 mcgDaily doseHeffernan 2001

Phase 2Evidence levelHeffernan 2001 Ng 2008

~30 minHalf-life

SQ · Abdomen · Daily fasted

KPV

α-MSH C-terminal · Anti-inflammatory

200–500 mcgDaily doseDalle-Pang 2024

AnimalEvidence levelDalle-Pang 2024

HoursHalf-life (est)

SQ / oral / topical · Local · Daily or 2-3×/week

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

AOD-9604

KPV

Primary target

β3-adrenergic receptor (proposed)Ng 2008

Intracellular targets bypassing melanocortin receptors (proposed)Dalle-Pang 2024

Pathway

β3-AR activation → cAMP → hormone-sensitive lipase activation → triglyceride breakdown to FFA + glycerolNg 2008

NF-κB inhibition + cytokine modulation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) → reduced inflammationDalle-Pang 2024

Downstream effect

Lipolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides; FFA release for oxidation; minimal IGF-1 / insulin impactHeffernan 2001

Anti-inflammatory action without α-MSH pigmentation effects; gut barrier protectionDalle-Pang 2024

Feedback intact?

No GH-axis or IGF-1 feedback

No melanocortin receptor binding

Origin

Synthetic modified C-terminal hexadecapeptide fragment of human GH (176-191) with N-terminal Tyr substitutionNg 2008

Synthetic tripeptide; the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val residues of α-MSH (residues 11-13)Dalle-Pang 2024

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

AOD-9604

KPV

Standard dose

250–300 mcg / dayHeffernan 2001

Anecdotal SQ range. Phase 2 trial dose 1 mg/day oral.

200–500 mcg / day SQ or oralDalle-Pang 2024

Frequency

Once daily, fasted

Daily or 2–3× per week

Lower / starter dose

150 mcg / day

100 mcg / day

Evidence basis

Phase 2 trials + animal-strongHeffernan 2001 Ng 2008

Animal-strong + emerging clinical data in IBDDalle-Pang 2024

Duration

8–12 weeks per cycle

4–8 weeks per cycle

Reconstitution

Bacteriostatic water, 1 mL per 2 mg vial → 2 mg/mL

Bacteriostatic water (SQ form)

Timing

Morning fasted preferred (pre-cardio)

Aligns with circadian lipolysis.

No specific time; often taken with / before meals (oral)

Half-life

~30 min plasma

Hours (estimated; rapid tissue uptake)

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

AOD-9604

KPV

Injection site reaction

Mild erythema

Mild irritation

GI symptoms

Rare mild nausea

Rare nausea (oral form)

Cardiovascular

Possible mild HR increase via β3-AR (theoretical β1 cross-reactivity)

—

IGF-1 elevation

None — designed to lack GH-axis activityHeffernan 2001

—

Insulin sensitivity

Neutral — no glucose impairmentHeffernan 2001

—

Cancer risk

No GH/IGF-1 axis activity → lower theoretical risk vs HGH

—

Pregnancy / OB

Avoid

Avoid — insufficient data

Pigmentation

—

None (unlike full α-MSH)Dalle-Pang 2024

Long-term safety

—

Limited human data

Absolute Contraindications

AOD-9604

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Severe cardiovascular disease (caution with β-receptor agonists)

KPV

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding

Relative Contraindications

AOD-9604

·Concurrent β-blocker therapy (theoretical antagonism)
·Pheochromocytoma

KPV

·Active autoimmune disease (theoretical)

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

AOD-9604

KPV

1. Reconstitution

Add 1 mL bacteriostatic water to 2 mg vial → 2 mg/mL = 200 mcg per 0.1 mL.

Add 1 mL bacteriostatic water to vial per labelling.

2. Injection site

SQ — abdomen preferred. Rotate sites.

SQ injection (acute), oral capsule (chronic / gut), topical for skin indications.

3. Timing

Morning, fasted, ideally pre-cardio for amplified fat oxidation.

Morning preferred; oral form taken with / before meals.

4. Storage

Lyophilised: room temp, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate, ≤30 days.

Lyophilised: room temp, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate ≤30 days.

5. Needle

29–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

29–31G insulin syringe (SQ form).

06Stack Synergy

AOD-9604

+ MOTS-c

Moderate

View MOTS-c →

AOD-9604 mobilises FFAs from adipose via β3-AR; MOTS-c upregulates AMPK / PGC-1α / FAO machinery so that mobilised FFAs are efficiently oxidised. The pathways are sequential — supply (AOD) plus demand (MOTS-c) — and produce more durable lipolytic effects than either alone in anecdotal protocols.

AOD-9604: 250–300 mcg SQ · morning fasted (daily)
MOTS-c: 5 mg SQ · 2–3× per week (pre-workout)
Primary benefit: Fat mobilisation + mitochondrial oxidation, no IGF-1 concern

KPV

+ BPC-157

Strong

View BPC-157 →

KPV (NF-κB inhibition, cytokine reduction) + BPC-157 (VEGF-driven angiogenesis, tissue regeneration) form the classic gut-healing stack. KPV reduces inflammatory drive; BPC-157 promotes mucosal repair. Anecdotally favoured for IBD, ulcerative colitis, and post-surgical gut recovery.

KPV: 200–500 mcg oral · daily
BPC-157: 250–500 mcg oral or SQ · daily
Primary benefit: Combined anti-inflammation + mucosal repair for gut conditions

Dalle-Pang 2024 Sikiric 2018