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Specimen Atlas of Research Peptides81 plates · MIT
Side-by-side · Research reference

BronchogenvsTesofensine

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED16/35 cited
BPhase 3AUTO-DRAFTED10/40 cited
Bronchogen
Tetrapeptide Bioregulator · Khavinson-School
0.05 ng/mLEffective concentrationZakutskiĭ 2006
60 daysCOPD model durationTitova 2017
30 daysTreatment courseKuzubova 2015
Research models: tissue culture / parenteral
Tesofensine
SNDRI · Phase 3 obesity candidate
0.25–0.5 mgDaily doseAstrup 2008
9.2 kgWeight ↓ (24 wk)Astrup 2008
Phase 3Evidence levelAstrup 2008
Oral · Once daily morning

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
Primary target
Bronchial epithelial cellsKuzubova 2015
Serotonin / norepinephrine / dopamine transporters (SERT / NET / DAT)Astrup 2008
Pathway
Tissue-specific bioregulation → epithelial cell differentiation → ciliated cell restoration
Triple monoamine reuptake inhibition → ↑synaptic 5-HT, NE, DA → appetite suppression + thermogenesisAstrup 2008
Downstream effect
Reversal of goblet cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia elimination, restoration of ciliated epithelium, normalized secretory IgA and surfactant protein B productionKuzubova 2015Titova 2017
Strong appetite suppression, mild thermogenic effect, weight lossAstrup 2008
Feedback intact?
Origin
Synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) from Khavinson bioregulator framework
Small molecule developed by NeuroSearch (Denmark) for CNS indications, repurposed for obesityAstrup 2008
Antibody development

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
Effective concentration (culture)
0.05 ng/mLZakutskiĭ 2006
Demonstrated in organotypic tissue culture of bronchial explants.
Treatment duration (animal)
1 month (30 days)Kuzubova 2015Titova 2017
Course duration in rat COPD models.
Evidence basis
Animal models (rat) / organotypic cultureTitova 2017Kuzubova 2015Zakutskiĭ 2006
No human clinical trials reported in available literature.
Phase 2b + ongoing Phase 3Astrup 2008
Model system
NO₂-induced COPD (60-day intermittent exposure)Titova 2017
Tissue specificity
Selective for bronchopulmonary tissue
Part of Khavinson organ-specific bioregulator series.
Standard dose
0.25–0.5 mg / dayAstrup 2008
Frequency
Once daily, morning
Lower / starter dose
0.125 mg / day
Duration
24 weeks per studied cycle
Form
Oral capsule
Timing
Morning to avoid sleep disruption
Half-life
~9 days (very long)

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
Animal safety profile
No adverse effects reported in published rat studies
Limited safety data; only animal models available.
Human data
Absent — no clinical trials in humans reported
Long-term effects
Unknown — maximum study duration 30 days in animals
Heart rate / BP
Dose-dependent ↑ HR + BPAstrup 2008
Insomnia
Dose-related; mitigate with morning timing
Dry mouth
Common
Nausea
Common
Mood changes
Anxiety / agitation possible
Cardiovascular events
Phase 3 trial monitoring; not yet FDA-cleared
Pregnancy / OB
Contraindicated
Absolute Contraindications
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
  • ·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
  • ·Severe cardiovascular disease
  • ·Concurrent MAOI use
Relative Contraindications
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
  • ·Hypertension
  • ·Anxiety disorder
  • ·Insomnia

05Administration Protocol

Parameter
Bronchogen
Tesofensine
1. Research context only
Bronchogen has been studied exclusively in animal models and organotypic tissue culture. No approved formulation or human administration protocol exists.
Oral capsule (investigational; not commercial).
2. Animal model protocol
In rat COPD models, tetrapeptide administered for 30-day course following 60-day NO₂ exposure. Route and exact dosing not specified in abstracts.Titova 2017Kuzubova 2015
Swallow whole with water, morning only.
3. Organotypic culture
Bronchial tissue explants from young (3-week) and aged (18-month) rats cultured in medium containing 0.05 ng/mL bronchogen, demonstrating tissue-specific stimulation.Zakutskiĭ 2006
Morning to mitigate insomnia. Do not dose evening.
4. Khavinson bioregulator tradition
Part of Russian peptide bioregulator framework emphasizing tissue-specific low-dose effects. Typically administered parenterally in related peptides from this series.
Room temp ≤25 °C, dry place.
5. Caveat
Monitor BP + HR + mood. Avoid stimulants + MAOIs.