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Specimen Atlas of Research Peptides81 plates · MIT
Side-by-side · Research reference

CagrilintidevsFOXO4-DRI

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

APhase 3HUMAN-REVIEWED35/64 cited
BAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED12/45 cited
Cagrilintide
Long-Acting Amylin Analogue · Phase 3
7.5%Additional weight loss vs semaglutideAhmed 2026
Once weeklyDosing frequencyBailey 2026
Dual AMYR/CTRReceptor agonismBailey 2026
SQ · Once WeeklyBailey 2026
FOXO4-DRI
Senolytic Peptide · D-Retro-Inverso
p53-TADMolecular targetBourgeois 2025
Pre-clinicalDevelopment stage
SQRoute (animal)
SQ · Animal models only

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter
Cagrilintide
FOXO4-DRI
Primary target
Amylin receptor (AMYR) and calcitonin receptor (CTR) heterodimeric complexesBailey 2026
FOXO4-p53 protein complex in senescent cellsBourgeois 2025Tripathi 2021
Pathway
AMYR/CTR agonism → Central satiety signaling → Reduced food intake, delayed gastric emptying, suppressed glucagonBailey 2026
FOXO4-DRI binds disordered p53 transactivation domain → displaces FOXO4 → nuclear p53 exclusion → p53-mediated apoptosis in senescent cells
Downstream effect
Central satiety induction, prandial glucagon suppression, reduced caloric intake, weight loss, improved glycemic controlBailey 2026Yamauchi 2026
Selective apoptosis of senescent cells; clearance restores tissue homeostasisTripathi 2021Alameen 2026
Feedback intact?
Yes — acts via physiological amylin pathways
Origin
Second-generation non-aggregating long-acting amylin analogue designed for once-weekly dosingBailey 2026
D-retro-inverso modification — inverted amino acid sequence, D-amino acids for protease resistance
Antibody development

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter
Cagrilintide
FOXO4-DRI
Standard dose (combination)
Cagrilintide 2.4 mg + Semaglutide 2.4 mg (CagriSema)Yamauchi 2026
Phase 3 REDEFINE 5 trial dosing.
Monotherapy dosing
Dose-dependent, under investigation
Monotherapy trials reported in meta-analysis.
Frequency
Once weekly (subcutaneous)Bailey 2026
Long-acting formulation.
Evidence basis
Phase 3 RCT (REDEFINE 5), meta-analysis of 3 RCTs (n=3545)Yamauchi 2026Ahmed 2026
Animal / mechanistic
Duration
26–52 weeks in trialsYamauchi 2026
Weeks to months (animal studies)
Senescent cell clearance observed within weeks.
Route
Subcutaneous injectionBailey 2026
SQ (animal)
No human route established.
Animal dose (mouse)
5 mg/kg
SQ injection, aged mouse model (testosterone restoration).
Frequency (animal)
Variable — single or intermittent dosing
Protocol-dependent; no standardised regimen.
Human equivalent (theoretical)
~0.4 mg/kg (28 mg / 70 kg adult)
Extrapolated using allometric scaling; no clinical validation.
Clinical status
No human trials completed

03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence

Parameter
Cagrilintide
FOXO4-DRI
Weight loss vs semaglutide
7.47% greater percentage weight lossAhmed 2026
CagriSema combination vs semaglutide monotherapy (meta-analysis).
Absolute weight change
Significantly greater absolute weight reductionAhmed 2026
Mean difference favoring combination therapy.
Mechanism
Central satiety inductionBailey 2026
BMI reduction
Significant BMI reduction vs comparatorAhmed 2026
Glycemic benefit
Reduced fasting glucose and HbA1cAhmed 2026
Synergistic effect with semaglutide in combination.
Lipid effects
Improvements in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, triglyceridesAhmed 2026
Body composition
Predominant fat loss with weight reduction
Mitochondrial function
In vitro effects on skeletal muscle mitochondria under metabolic stress conditionsOld 2026
C2C12 myotube study; clinical relevance under investigation.
Combination rationale
Multi-pathway approach: amylin (satiety) + GLP-1 (incretin)Lempesis 2026
Key publications
REDEFINE 5 (Yamauchi 2026) · Ahmed meta-analysis 2026 · Bailey review 2026Yamauchi 2026Ahmed 2026Bailey 2026

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter
Cagrilintide
FOXO4-DRI
Gastrointestinal
Nausea, diarrhea (common with incretin-based therapies)Pardali 2026
Dietary management and nutritional monitoring recommended.
Injection site reactions
Local reactions possible with subcutaneous administration
Safety profile
Generally consistent with incretin-based therapies
Phase 3 and meta-analysis safety data.
Tolerability
Tolerability considerations similar to GLP-1RAs
Muscle preservation
Lean mass considerations during weight loss
In vitro mitochondrial effects observed; clinical impact under investigation.
Pulmonary hypertension risk
Senescent cell elimination promoted PH development/progression in rodent modelsBorn 2023
Context-dependent toxicity
Beneficial effects may be tissue/context-specific; elimination not universally protectiveBorn 2023
Off-target apoptosis
Theoretical risk of non-senescent cell apoptosis (selectivity not absolute)
Immune perturbation
Senescent cells contribute to immune surveillance; clearance effects unknown
Human safety unknown
No clinical trials — toxicity profile in humans not established
Absolute Contraindications
Cagrilintide
  • ·Hypersensitivity to cagrilintide or formulation components
FOXO4-DRI
  • ·Pulmonary hypertension or vascular disease (preclinical evidence of harm)Born 2023
  • ·Pregnancy / lactation (no safety data)
Relative Contraindications
Cagrilintide
  • ·Severe gastrointestinal disease
  • ·History of pancreatitis (incretin-based therapy consideration)
FOXO4-DRI
  • ·Active malignancy (senescence as tumour suppressor mechanism)
  • ·Wound healing / tissue repair (senescent cells involved in fibrosis resolution)

05Administration Protocol

Parameter
Cagrilintide
FOXO4-DRI
1. Dosing frequency
Once-weekly subcutaneous injection. Long-acting formulation designed for weekly administration schedule.Bailey 2026
Subcutaneous injection used in rodent models. No human administration protocol exists.
2. Combination form
Co-formulated with semaglutide as CagriSema for single weekly injection combining amylin and GLP-1 receptor agonism.Yamauchi 2026Bailey 2026
Typically reconstituted in sterile saline or PBS for animal experiments. Stability data limited.
3. Injection site
Subcutaneous — typically abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate injection sites weekly to minimize local reactions.
Variable — single bolus or intermittent dosing over weeks. No standardised human protocol.
4. Storage
Refrigerate 2–8°C. Follow product-specific storage instructions for pre-filled pens or vials. Protect from light.
No registered human trials. Commercialisation by Cleara Biotech (Netherlands) in development phase.
5. Dietary considerations
Nutritional monitoring recommended during treatment. Dietary management strategies important for tolerability and outcomes.Pardali 2026
Would require cardiovascular assessment, pulmonary function, immune panel, tumour surveillance if human trials proceed.

06Stack Synergy

Cagrilintide
+ Semaglutide
Strong
View Semaglutide

Cagrilintide (amylin receptor agonist) and semaglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist) act on distinct receptor systems to produce synergistic weight loss through complementary mechanisms — central satiety via amylin pathways plus incretin-mediated glucose control and appetite suppression via GLP-1. Co-formulated as CagriSema, this combination demonstrates 7.5% greater weight loss versus semaglutide monotherapy in Phase 3 trials with additional benefits on glycemic control and lipid parameters.

CagriSema
Cagrilintide 2.4 mg + Semaglutide 2.4 mg
Frequency
Once weekly subcutaneous
Duration
26–52 weeks (trial data)
Primary benefit
Enhanced weight loss, improved glycemic control, multi-pathway metabolic modulation
FOXO4-DRI
— no documented stacks