Side-by-side · Research reference
CartalaxvsLL-37
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED10/32 cited
BHuman-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED15/35 cited
Cartalax
Bioregulator Peptide · Khavinson School
SQ · Protocol Unspecified
LL-37
Cathelicidin · Human AMP
Broad-spectrumAntimicrobial activity
Endogenous · Secreted at inflammation sites
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
Cartalax
LL-37
Primary target
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergoing chondrogenic differentiationLinkova 2023
Pathway
Modulation of WNT, ERK-p38, and Smad 1/5/8 signaling pathwaysLinkova 2023
hCAP-18 precursor → Proteinase-3 cleavage → LL-37 release → Membrane insertion/disruption
Downstream effect
Upregulation of chondrogenic genes (COL2, SOX9, ACAN); increased bone mineral density; osteoprotective effects in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosisLinkova 2023Povorozniuk 2007
Membrane permeabilization, cytokine induction, autophagy, phagosome-lysosome fusion, chemotaxisAhmad 2026Zhang 2026
Feedback intact?
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—
Origin
Derived from cartilaginous tissue extracts (Khavinson bioregulator methodology)Povorozniuk 2007
Endogenous human cathelicidin (37-AA fragment, residues 134–170 of hCAP-18)
Antibody development
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02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
Cartalax
LL-37
Animal model dose
Unspecified (cartilaginous tissue extract protocol)
Rat study; extract preparation details not indexed in available abstracts.
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Human dosing
Not established in PubMed-indexed literature
Russian-tradition protocols exist but lack peer-reviewed Western validation.
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Evidence basis
Animal mechanistic studies only
In vitro, animal models, human observational
Endogenous expression
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Constitutive in neutrophils, epithelial tissues
Upregulated during infection and inflammation.Pinheiro 2026
Exogenous (experimental)
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Dose varies by study; antimalarial ~10–50 μM in vitro
No FDA-approved exogenous formulation.
03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence
Parameter
Cartalax
LL-37
Fat loss evidence
None — primary target is cartilage and bone tissue, not adipose
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04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
Cartalax
LL-37
Documented adverse effects
None reported in indexed animal studies
—
Human safety data
Not available in PubMed-indexed literature
—
Cytotoxicity (high dose)
—
Membrane disruption in host cells at supraphysiological concentrations
Pro-inflammatory signaling
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Can exacerbate inflammation in certain contexts (context-dependent)Pinheiro 2026
Theoretical cancer risk
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Immunomodulatory roles in tumor microenvironment under investigation
Absolute Contraindications
Cartalax
- ·Unknown due to lack of human clinical trial data
LL-37
—Relative Contraindications
Cartalax
- ·Active malignancy (theoretical; peptide bioregulators may influence cell proliferation pathways)
LL-37
- ·Active autoimmune disease (theoretical immune dysregulation)
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
Cartalax
LL-37
1. Route
Subcutaneous injection typical for Khavinson bioregulators; specific protocols not detailed in indexed literature.
LL-37 is constitutively expressed in neutrophils and epithelial cells, cleaved from hCAP-18 by proteinase-3 at sites of infection or inflammation.
2. Frequency
Russian-tradition protocols often employ 10-day cycles; precise frequency unspecified in available abstracts.
Synthetic LL-37 and derivatives (e.g., SAMP-12aa) tested in vitro and animal models. Administered via topical, intraperitoneal, or intravenous routes in research settings.
3. Storage
Lyophilised peptide bioregulators typically stored at 2–8 °C, light-protected. Reconstitution details not indexed.
LL-37 is resistant to pepsin degradation at gastric pH. Synthetic short peptides designed to retain this stability while reducing toxicity.Lu 2026