Side-by-side · Research reference

CortagenvsLiraglutide

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED11/35 cited

BFDA-ApprovedFlagship14/45 cited

Cortagen

Bioregulatory Tetrapeptide · Khavinson-School

TetrapeptideStructure

↓ LPO productsAntioxidant effectKozina 2007

AnimalEvidence level

Injectable · Animal models

Liraglutide

Daily GLP-1 RA · FDA-Approved

0.6–3.0 mgDaily doseSAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

5–10%Body-weight ↓SAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

~13 hrHalf-lifeSAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

SQ · Abdomen / thigh / arm · Once daily

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Cortagen

Liraglutide

Primary target

Cerebral cortex tissue — molecular targets under investigation

GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)SAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Pathway

Antioxidant pathway modulation — suppression of LPO cascade, reduction of protein oxidative modificationKozina 2007

GLP-1R agonism → ↑glucose-dependent insulin, ↓glucagon, ↓gastric emptying, ↓appetiteSAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014 Marso 2016

Downstream effect

Decreased lipid peroxidation products, reduced oxidative protein damage, altered gene expression in cardiac tissueKozina 2007 Anisimov 2004

Glycemic improvement, modest body-weight reduction, cardiovascular event reduction in high-risk T2DMarso 2016

Feedback intact?

—

Glucose-dependent insulin release preserves physiological feedback

Origin

Synthetic tetrapeptide derived from amino acid analysis of natural brain cortex peptide preparation CortexinAnisimov 2004

Modified GLP-1(7-37) with Lys26 substitution (Arg34) and C-16 palmitoyl-glutamate acylation for albumin bindingSAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Cortagen

Liraglutide

Animal model dose (rat)

Injection protocol (dose not specified in abstracts)

Multiple injections over study period.

—

Avian model dose (chicken)

40-day injection courseKuznik 2008

Compared to epithalon in hypophysectomized and aged birds.

—

Human peripheral nerve study

Therapeutic course (protocol details not provided)

Posttraumatic recovery context — reference cited but not detailed.

—

Evidence basis

Animal mechanistic studies

FDA-approved · Phase 3 RCTs (LEADER, SCALE)Marso 2016 SAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Route

Injectable (inferred from animal protocols)

—

Standard dose (T2D, Victoza)

—

1.2–1.8 mg / daySAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Standard dose (weight, Saxenda)

—

3.0 mg / day (after 5-week titration)SAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Frequency

—

Once daily, same time each day

Titration schedule

—

0.6 → 1.2 → 1.8 → 2.4 → 3.0 mg over 5 weeks

Mitigates GI side effects.

Duration

—

Indefinite for chronic indication

Reconstitution

—

Pre-filled commercial pen (no reconstitution)

Timing

—

Any time of day; consistent

Half-life

—

~13 hrSAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Cortagen

Liraglutide

Antioxidant suppression

Suppression of antioxidant activity noted alongside LPO reductionKozina 2007

Mechanism unclear — possible homeostatic adaptation.

—

Immune/hemostasis effects

No effect on immunity or hemostasis parameters in avian hypophysectomy model (unlike epithalon)Kuznik 2008

Epithalon reversed deficits; cortagen did not.

—

Human safety data

No adverse events reported in peripheral nerve recovery context

Limited detail in available abstracts.

—

GI symptoms

—

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (very common during titration)SAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Pancreatitis risk

—

Rare; discontinue if suspected

Thyroid C-cell tumours

—

Boxed warning — contraindicated in MEN2 / MTC historySAXENDA (liraglutide) injectio 2014

Hypoglycemia

—

Low risk as monotherapy; elevated with sulfonylureas / insulin

Heart rate

—

Modest ↑ resting HR (~2-3 bpm)

Cardiovascular benefit

—

↓ MACE in high-risk T2D (LEADER trial)Marso 2016

Pregnancy / OB

—

Contraindicated

Absolute Contraindications

Cortagen

—

Liraglutide

·MTC personal or family history; MEN2
·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Hypersensitivity to liraglutide

Relative Contraindications

Cortagen

—

Liraglutide

·Severe gastroparesis
·History of pancreatitis
·Severe gastrointestinal disease

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Cortagen

Liraglutide

1. Preparation

Reconstitute lyophilised peptide with bacteriostatic water per supplier protocol. Exact volumes depend on concentration supplied.

Commercial pre-filled pen, no reconstitution required.

2. Injection site

Subcutaneous injection typical for bioregulatory peptides — abdomen or thigh. Rotate sites.

SQ — abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate sites.

3. Timing

Animal protocols used repeated dosing over weeks. Human timing not established — evening administration common in Khavinson tradition.

Once daily, same time each day. Take with or without food.

4. Storage

Lyophilised: refrigerate or freeze per supplier. Reconstituted: refrigerate 2–8 °C, use within guideline window.

Refrigerate 2–8 °C unopened; room temp ≤30 °C up to 30 days after first use.

5. Needle

—

Pen-supplied 32G needle.