Side-by-side · Research reference

CrystagenvsSS-31

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED12/40 cited

BPhase 3HUMAN-REVIEWED9/43 cited

Crystagen

Khavinson Bioregulator · Immune-Thymic

B-cellPrimary targetСhervyakova 2014

SpleenTissue specificityСhervyakova 2014

AnimalEvidence level

SQ · Protocol variable

SS-31

Cardiolipin-binding · Mitochondrial protective

40 mgDaily doseSzeto 2014

Phase 3Evidence levelSzilagyi 2009 Szeto 2014

~3 hrHalf-life

SQ · Abdomen · Once daily

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Crystagen

SS-31

Primary target

B-lymphocytes in splenic tissueСhervyakova 2014

Cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membraneSzeto 2014

Pathway

B-cell activation → Immune modulation during agingСhervyakova 2014

Cardiolipin binding → cristae stabilisation → ETC integrity → reduced ROS + preserved ATP synthesisSzeto 2014 Szilagyi 2009

Downstream effect

B-cell activation via apoptosis reduction; no observed increase in splenic cell renewalСhervyakova 2014

Mitochondrial bioenergetic preservation; cardio-, neuro-, and reno-protective effects in animal + clinical studiesSzeto 2014

Feedback intact?

Unknown — bioregulator mechanism not fully characterized

—

Origin

Synthetic Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly tetrapeptide — Khavinson bioregulator series

Synthetic tetrapeptide D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂; cell-permeable, mitochondrial-selectiveSzeto 2014

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Crystagen

SS-31

Standard dose

Not standardized — variable protocols

Russian bioregulator literature does not specify unified human dosing.

40 mg / day SQ (clinical trials)Szeto 2014

Anecdotal community range 5-10 mg/day. Phase 3 trials use 40 mg.

Evidence basis

Animal / mechanistic

Multiple Phase 3 trials (Barth, AMD, ischemia-reperfusion)Szeto 2014 Szilagyi 2009

Route

Subcutaneous (presumed from bioregulator class)

—

Frequency

Unknown — bioregulator protocols variable

Once daily

Duration

Unknown — chronic administration presumed in animal models

Indefinite for mitochondrial disease; cycled for healthspan use

Half-life

Not reported

~3 h plasma; tissue uptake longer

Lower / starter dose

—

5 mg / day (anecdotal)

Reconstitution

—

Bacteriostatic water

Timing

—

Morning fasted preferred; pre-workout for exercise-induced mitochondrial stress

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Crystagen

SS-31

Published adverse events

None reported in available animal literature

—

Human safety data

Absent — no controlled human trials identified

—

Autoimmune considerations

Theoretical concern with B-cell modulators in predisposed individuals

—

Injection site reaction

—

Erythema, mild pruritus

GI symptoms

—

Nausea (uncommon)

Headache

—

Reported in some Phase 3 trials

Cardiovascular

—

Cardio-protective in studies; no signal of harm

Long-term safety

—

Phase 3 data over 24+ months; no major safety signalsSzeto 2014

Pregnancy / OB

—

Avoid — insufficient data

Absolute Contraindications

Crystagen

·Active autoimmune disease (theoretical)

SS-31

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Hypersensitivity to peptide

Relative Contraindications

Crystagen

·Pregnancy / lactation (no data)
·Active B-cell malignancies

SS-31

·None established

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Crystagen

SS-31

1. Route

Subcutaneous injection — presumed from bioregulator class convention. Specific anatomical sites not standardized.

Add bacteriostatic water per label. Light-protected handling.

2. Reconstitution

Protocol not standardized. If lyophilized, sterile water or bacteriostatic saline typical for peptide bioregulators.

SQ — abdomen or thigh. Rotate sites.

3. Timing

Not specified. Bioregulator protocols vary — some practitioners advocate evening dosing, others morning.

Morning fasted; pre-workout for exercise-augmented mitochondrial stress.

4. Storage

Lyophilized: room temperature, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within days to weeks depending on preservative.

Lyophilised: refrigerate, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate ≤30 days.

5. Needle

—

29–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

06Stack Synergy

Crystagen

+ Vilon

Multi-pathway

View Vilon →

Vilon (Lys-Glu) activates T-helper cells via apoptosis reduction, while Crystagen activates B-cells. Dual T/B immune modulation in aging models may provide complementary thymic-immune support within the Khavinson bioregulator framework. Both target splenic immune aging through distinct lymphocyte subsets.

Crystagen: Dose unknown · SQ
Vilon: Dose unknown · SQ
Frequency: Protocol variable
Primary benefit: Broader thymic-immune coverage (T-cell + B-cell)

Сhervyakova 2014

SS-31

+ MOTS-c

Moderate

View MOTS-c →

SS-31 and MOTS-c address mitochondrial decline through complementary axes. SS-31 protects existing mitochondrial structure (cardiolipin binding, cristae stabilisation). MOTS-c upregulates AMPK/PGC-1α, triggering biogenesis of new mitochondria. Together they pair preservation with renewal — anecdotally favoured in healthspan and post-cardio-event recovery protocols.

SS-31: 5–10 mg SQ · daily morning
MOTS-c: 5 mg SQ · 2× per week pre-workout
Primary benefit: Mitochondrial preservation + biogenesis