Side-by-side · Research reference

HGH Fragment 176-191vsTesofensine

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED28/59 cited

BPhase 3AUTO-DRAFTED10/40 cited

HGH Fragment 176-191

GH Fragment · Pre-Clinical

50%Weight gain reductionNg 2000

~26 minHalf-life (est.)

No IGF-1 ↑GH axis impact

SQ · IP (animal) · Oral (tested)

Tesofensine

SNDRI · Phase 3 obesity candidate

0.25–0.5 mgDaily doseAstrup 2008

9.2 kgWeight ↓ (24 wk)Astrup 2008

Phase 3Evidence levelAstrup 2008

Oral · Once daily morning

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

HGH Fragment 176-191

Tesofensine

Primary target

Beta-3 adrenergic receptors on adipocytesHeffernan 2001

Serotonin / norepinephrine / dopamine transporters (SERT / NET / DAT)Astrup 2008

Pathway

Fragment → β3-AR upregulation → Enhanced lipolytic sensitivityHeffernan 2001

Triple monoamine reuptake inhibition → ↑synaptic 5-HT, NE, DA → appetite suppression + thermogenesisAstrup 2008

Downstream effect

Increased lipolysis and beta-3 AR mRNA expression without IGF-1 axis activation

Strong appetite suppression, mild thermogenic effect, weight lossAstrup 2008

Feedback intact?

N/A — does not interact with GH/IGF-1 axis

—

Origin

Synthetic peptide derived from hGH residues 176-191; AOD9604 includes N-terminal tyrosine (177-191)Cox 2015

Small molecule developed by NeuroSearch (Denmark) for CNS indications, repurposed for obesityAstrup 2008

Antibody development

Not reported in available studies

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

HGH Fragment 176-191

Tesofensine

Animal dose (oral)

500 mcg/kg body weightNg 2000

Obese Zucker rats, 19 days.

—

Animal dose (IP)

Not specified (14-day chronic administration)Heffernan 2001

Obese mice, daily IP injection.

—

Human equivalent dose

Not established — no published human RCTs

—

Frequency

Once daily (animal models)

Once daily, morning

Evidence basis

Animal studies only

Phase 2b + ongoing Phase 3Astrup 2008

Duration tested

14–19 daysHeffernan 2001 Ng 2000

—

Detection window

50 pg/mL LOD in urine; stable metabolite extends detectionCox 2015

WADA-banned; anti-doping testing available.

—

Oral bioavailability

Demonstrated efficacy in animal oral administrationNg 2000

Potential for oral therapeutic development.

—

Standard dose

—

0.25–0.5 mg / dayAstrup 2008

Lower / starter dose

—

0.125 mg / day

Duration

—

24 weeks per studied cycle

Form

—

Oral capsule

Timing

—

Morning to avoid sleep disruption

Half-life

—

~9 days (very long)

03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence

Parameter

HGH Fragment 176-191

Tesofensine

Primary fat target

Adipose tissue (general) — beta-3 AR mediated lipolysisHeffernan 2001

—

Weight gain reduction

50% reduction vs control (15.8 ± 0.6 g vs 35.6 ± 0.8 g)Ng 2000

Obese Zucker rats, 19 days oral administration.

—

Body fat reduction

Significant decrease in body weight and body fat in obese mice (14 days)Heffernan 2001

—

Lipolytic activity

Increased adipose tissue lipolytic activityNg 2000

Direct measurement in treated animals.

—

Beta-3 AR expression

Upregulated β3-AR mRNA in obese mice to lean-comparable levelsHeffernan 2001

—

Insulin sensitivity

No adverse effect — euglycemic clamp confirmedNg 2000

Contrasts with intact hGH diabetogenic effects.

—

IGF-1 impact

No elevation — fragment does not activate GH/IGF-1 axis

—

Beta-3 AR dependency

Effect abolished in β3-AR knockout miceHeffernan 2001

Confirms β3-AR as primary mechanism.

—

Route of administration

Efficacy demonstrated via oral and IP routesNg 2000 Heffernan 2001

—

Human evidence

None published — pre-clinical only

—

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

HGH Fragment 176-191

Tesofensine

Insulin sensitivity

No adverse effects observed in euglycemic clamp (animal)Ng 2000

—

GH/IGF-1 axis

No activation — avoids diabetogenic effects of full GHNg 2000

—

Human safety data

Not available — no published human trials

—

WADA status

Banned as performance-enhancing drugCox 2015

—

Metabolic profile

Six metabolites identified; CRSVEGSCG most stableCox 2015

Detection window implications for doping control.

—

Heart rate / BP

—

Dose-dependent ↑ HR + BPAstrup 2008

Insomnia

—

Dose-related; mitigate with morning timing

Dry mouth

—

Common

Nausea

—

Common

Mood changes

—

Anxiety / agitation possible

Cardiovascular events

—

Phase 3 trial monitoring; not yet FDA-cleared

Pregnancy / OB

—

Contraindicated

Absolute Contraindications

HGH Fragment 176-191

·Competitive athletes (WADA-banned)Cox 2015

Tesofensine

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Severe cardiovascular disease
·Concurrent MAOI use

Relative Contraindications

HGH Fragment 176-191

·Absence of human safety data — experimental use only

Tesofensine

·Hypertension
·Anxiety disorder
·Insomnia

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

HGH Fragment 176-191

Tesofensine

1. Route

Subcutaneous injection primary route in research context. Oral administration demonstrated efficacy in animal models at 500 mcg/kg.

Oral capsule (investigational; not commercial).

2. Frequency

Once daily dosing used in animal studies. Timing not specified; GH-independent mechanism suggests flexibility.

Swallow whole with water, morning only.

3. Duration

Animal protocols: 14–19 days. Human duration not established — no published trials.

Morning to mitigate insomnia. Do not dose evening.

4. Storage

Lyophilized peptide storage per standard peptide protocols. Metabolite stability suggests refrigerated reconstituted solution viable.

Room temp ≤25 °C, dry place.

5. Detection

Detectable in urine via SPE-LC-MS at 50 pg/mL LOD. Extended detection window via stable metabolite CRSVEGSCG.Cox 2015

Monitor BP + HR + mood. Avoid stimulants + MAOIs.