Side-by-side · Research reference
HumaninvsProstamax
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED14/52 cited
BAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED11/38 cited
Humanin
Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide · Cytoprotective
SQ · Experimental
Prostamax
Khavinson Bioregulator · Tissue-Specific Peptide
4 AAPeptide length
SQ · Protocol per Khavinson tradition
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
Humanin
Prostamax
Primary target
Intracellular: Bax, Bim, tBid (pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family). Extracellular: FPRL1/2 G-protein-coupled receptorsZhu 2022Lue 2021
Chromatin in prostatic cells — pericentromeric heterochromatin regions
Pathway
Humanin binds Bax/Bim → inhibits mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) → blocks cytochrome c release → prevents caspase activation → cell survival
Epigenetic modulation → heterochromatin decondensation → transcriptional derepressionDzhokhadze 2012
Downstream effect
Suppression of apoptosis, mitochondrial stabilization, reduced oxidative stress, preservation of germ cells and neurons under stressZhu 2022Lue 2021Velentza 2024
Increased sister chromatid exchange, Ag-NOR activation, reduced C-heterochromatin condensation; tissue-specific regenerative stimulation in prostate organotypic culturesDzhokhadze 2012Zakutskiĭ 2006
Feedback intact?
Not applicable — peptide acts as anti-apoptotic signal, not hormonal axis
—
Origin
Encoded by short open reading frame in mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MTRNR2). 24-28 amino acids. 13 homologous variants (MTRNR2L1-L13) identified.Zhu 2022Shahzaib 2026
Synthetic tetrapeptide modeled on naturally occurring protein-derived bioregulators isolated between lysine-arginine motifs in long-lived speciesKhavinson 2017
Antibody development
Not reported in animal models
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02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
Humanin
Prostamax
Standard experimental dose (HNG)
4 mg/kg IP (rat)
Most common dose in rodent models.
—
Ex vivo bone culture
1 µg/mL
Protective against venetoclax-induced bone growth retardation.
—
Frequency
Daily (IP)
—
Duration
8–12 weeks in animal studies
Not specified
Khavinson protocols typically 10–20 days per cycle; no long-term safety data.
Evidence basis
Animal models (rat, mouse)Huang 2025El 2022Velentza 2024
Animal / organotypic cultureZakutskiĭ 2006Dzhokhadze 2012
No randomized controlled trials in humans.
Human data
None — no clinical trials reported
—
Analog (HNG)
Gly[14]-humanin — more potent variant
Substitution at position 14 enhances cytoprotective activity.
—
Effective concentration (in vitro)
—
0.05 ng/mLZakutskiĭ 2006
Organotypic culture model; demonstrated tissue-specific stimulation.
Human clinical dose
—
Not established
No published human trials; dosing extrapolated from Russian clinical tradition (not peer-reviewed).
Age groups studied
—
Young (3-week) and aged (18-month) rats; elderly humans (75–86 years) in vitroZakutskiĭ 2006Dzhokhadze 2012
03Metabolic / Fat Loss Evidence
Parameter
Humanin
Prostamax
Direct fat loss evidence
None
—
Mechanism overlap
Mitochondrial health may indirectly influence metabolic efficiency, but no quantified effect
—
04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
Humanin
Prostamax
Animal model safety
Well-tolerated in rat and mouse studies at 4 mg/kg for 8–12 weeks
—
Human safety data
None — no clinical trials
Absent — no published Phase 1/2/3 trials
Theoretical fibrillation risk
Induces amyloid-like fibrillation of Bax/BID. Long-term sequelae unknown.
—
Injection site reaction
Not reported in animal studies (IP route)
—
Reproductive safety
Protective in POI model (cyclophosphamide-induced), no adverse effects on fertility notedHuang 2025
—
Published adverse events
—
None reported in available literature
Genotoxicity signals
—
Increased sister chromatid exchange (SCE) — marker of DNA recombination/repair; unclear long-term implications
Metal ion interactions
—
Modulates Cu(II) and Cd(II) chromatin effects; unknown clinical relevance
Absolute Contraindications
Humanin
- ·Unknown — no human data
Prostamax
- ·Active prostate malignancy — epigenetic modulation effects unknown in cancer
Relative Contraindications
Humanin
- ·Active malignancy (theoretical risk of anti-apoptotic effect on tumour cells)
Prostamax
- ·History of prostate cancer — theoretical concern re: transcriptional activation
- ·Undiagnosed prostatic nodules or elevated PSA
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
Humanin
Prostamax
1. Route (experimental)
Intraperitoneal (IP) in animal models. Subcutaneous route untested. No human protocols exist.
Subcutaneous or intramuscular — per Khavinson bioregulator tradition. No published human pharmacokinetic data.
2. Reconstitution
Synthetic peptide reconstituted in sterile saline or PBS. No commercial formulation available.
If lyophilised: reconstitute with sterile water per manufacturer protocol (not standardized in literature).
3. Timing
Daily administration in animal studies. Optimal timing not characterized.
Typically daily or every-other-day in Russian clinical tradition; duration 10–20 days per cycle.
4. Storage
Lyophilised powder: -20 °C. Reconstituted: 4 °C, use within 7 days. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
No established biomarkers. Theoretical: PSA, prostate imaging, symptom scores (IPSS for BPH).
5. Human use
No FDA approval, no IND, no clinical trials. Experimental research tool only.
All protocols derived from non-peer-reviewed Russian clinical practice; Western regulatory approval absent.
06Stack Synergy
Humanin
+ MOTS-c
Multi-pathwayBoth are mitochondrial-derived peptides. MOTS-c enhances metabolic efficiency and insulin sensitivity via AMPK activation, while humanin prevents mitochondrial apoptosis. Combined, they address mitochondrial function (MOTS-c) and survival signaling (humanin), supporting cellular resilience under metabolic and oxidative stress.
- Humanin
- 4 mg/kg IP · daily (animal model)
- MOTS-c
- 5 mg/kg IP · daily (animal model)
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Primary benefit
- Mitochondrial health, metabolic efficiency, anti-apoptotic signaling
Prostamax
— no documented stacks