Side-by-side · Research reference
KPVvsTesofensine
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-StrongDraft13/39 cited
BPhase 3Draft10/40 cited
KPV
α-MSH C-terminal · Anti-inflammatory
SQ / oral / topical · Local · Daily or 2-3×/week
Tesofensine
SNDRI · Phase 3 obesity candidate
Oral · Once daily morning
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
KPV
Tesofensine
Primary target
Intracellular targets bypassing melanocortin receptors (proposed)Dalle-Pang 2024
Serotonin / norepinephrine / dopamine transporters (SERT / NET / DAT)Astrup 2008
Pathway
NF-κB inhibition + cytokine modulation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) → reduced inflammationDalle-Pang 2024
Triple monoamine reuptake inhibition → ↑synaptic 5-HT, NE, DA → appetite suppression + thermogenesisAstrup 2008
Downstream effect
Anti-inflammatory action without α-MSH pigmentation effects; gut barrier protectionDalle-Pang 2024
Strong appetite suppression, mild thermogenic effect, weight lossAstrup 2008
Feedback intact?
No melanocortin receptor binding
—
Origin
Synthetic tripeptide; the C-terminal Lys-Pro-Val residues of α-MSH (residues 11-13)Dalle-Pang 2024
Small molecule developed by NeuroSearch (Denmark) for CNS indications, repurposed for obesityAstrup 2008
Antibody development
—
—
02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
KPV
Tesofensine
Frequency
Daily or 2–3× per week
Once daily, morning
Lower / starter dose
100 mcg / day
0.125 mg / day
Evidence basis
Animal-strong + emerging clinical data in IBDDalle-Pang 2024
Phase 2b + ongoing Phase 3Astrup 2008
Duration
4–8 weeks per cycle
24 weeks per studied cycle
Reconstitution
Bacteriostatic water (SQ form)
—
Timing
No specific time; often taken with / before meals (oral)
Morning to avoid sleep disruption
Half-life
Hours (estimated; rapid tissue uptake)
~9 days (very long)
Form
—
Oral capsule
04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
KPV
Tesofensine
Injection site reaction
Mild irritation
—
GI symptoms
Rare nausea (oral form)
—
Long-term safety
Limited human data
—
Pregnancy / OB
Avoid — insufficient data
Contraindicated
Insomnia
—
Dose-related; mitigate with morning timing
Dry mouth
—
Common
Nausea
—
Common
Mood changes
—
Anxiety / agitation possible
Cardiovascular events
—
Phase 3 trial monitoring; not yet FDA-cleared
Absolute Contraindications
KPV
- ·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
Tesofensine
- ·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
- ·Severe cardiovascular disease
- ·Concurrent MAOI use
Relative Contraindications
KPV
- ·Active autoimmune disease (theoretical)
Tesofensine
- ·Hypertension
- ·Anxiety disorder
- ·Insomnia
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
KPV
Tesofensine
1. Reconstitution
Add 1 mL bacteriostatic water to vial per labelling.
Oral capsule (investigational; not commercial).
2. Form
SQ injection (acute), oral capsule (chronic / gut), topical for skin indications.
Swallow whole with water, morning only.
3. Timing
Morning preferred; oral form taken with / before meals.
Morning to mitigate insomnia. Do not dose evening.
4. Storage
Lyophilised: room temp, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate ≤30 days.
Room temp ≤25 °C, dry place.
5. Needle
29–31G insulin syringe (SQ form).
Monitor BP + HR + mood. Avoid stimulants + MAOIs.
06Stack Synergy
KPV
+ BPC-157
StrongKPV (NF-κB inhibition, cytokine reduction) + BPC-157 (VEGF-driven angiogenesis, tissue regeneration) form the classic gut-healing stack. KPV reduces inflammatory drive; BPC-157 promotes mucosal repair. Anecdotally favoured for IBD, ulcerative colitis, and post-surgical gut recovery.
- KPV
- 200–500 mcg oral · daily
- BPC-157
- 250–500 mcg oral or SQ · daily
- Primary benefit
- Combined anti-inflammation + mucosal repair for gut conditions
Tesofensine
— no documented stacks