Side-by-side · Research reference

PinealonvsTesofensine

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AHuman-MechanisticDraft12/36 cited

BPhase 3Draft10/40 cited

Pinealon

Pineal-derived · Neuroprotective

5–10 mgPer cycle doseKhavinson 2014

HumanMechanisticKhavinson 2014

HoursHalf-life (est)

SQ or IM · Daily for 10 days · 1-2×/year

Tesofensine

SNDRI · Phase 3 obesity candidate

0.25–0.5 mgDaily doseAstrup 2008

9.2 kgWeight ↓ (24 wk)Astrup 2008

Phase 3Evidence levelAstrup 2008

Oral · Once daily morning

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Pinealon

Tesofensine

Primary target

Antioxidant defense + neuronal gene expression (proposed)Khavinson 2014

Serotonin / norepinephrine / dopamine transporters (SERT / NET / DAT)Astrup 2008

Pathway

Modulation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase) + neurotrophic factor expressionKhavinson 2014

Triple monoamine reuptake inhibition → ↑synaptic 5-HT, NE, DA → appetite suppression + thermogenesisAstrup 2008

Downstream effect

Reduced oxidative stress in neurons; improved cognitive function in age-related declineKhavinson 2014

Strong appetite suppression, mild thermogenic effect, weight lossAstrup 2008

Feedback intact?

—

Origin

Synthetic 4-AA peptide derived from pineal gland extractKhavinson 2014

Small molecule developed by NeuroSearch (Denmark) for CNS indications, repurposed for obesityAstrup 2008

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Pinealon

Tesofensine

Standard dose

5–10 mg / day for 10 daysKhavinson 2014

0.25–0.5 mg / dayAstrup 2008

Frequency

Once daily during cycle

Once daily, morning

Lower / starter dose

2.5 mg / day

0.125 mg / day

Evidence basis

Russian clinical trials + in vitroKhavinson 2014

Phase 2b + ongoing Phase 3Astrup 2008

Duration

10-day cycles, 1–2× per year

24 weeks per studied cycle

Reconstitution

Bacteriostatic water

—

Timing

No specific time

Morning to avoid sleep disruption

Half-life

Hours

~9 days (very long)

Form

—

Oral capsule

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Pinealon

Tesofensine

Injection site reaction

Mild irritation

—

Long-term safety

Limited Western data

—

Pregnancy / OB

Avoid

Contraindicated

Heart rate / BP

—

Dose-dependent ↑ HR + BPAstrup 2008

Insomnia

—

Dose-related; mitigate with morning timing

Dry mouth

—

Common

Nausea

—

Common

Mood changes

—

Anxiety / agitation possible

Cardiovascular events

—

Phase 3 trial monitoring; not yet FDA-cleared

Absolute Contraindications

Pinealon

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding

Tesofensine

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Severe cardiovascular disease
·Concurrent MAOI use

Relative Contraindications

Pinealon

·Active malignancy (theoretical via gene expression modulation)

Tesofensine

·Hypertension
·Anxiety disorder
·Insomnia

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Pinealon

Tesofensine

1. Reconstitution

Add 1–2 mL bacteriostatic water to 10 mg vial.

Oral capsule (investigational; not commercial).

2. Injection site

SQ — abdomen preferred.

Swallow whole with water, morning only.

3. Timing

Daily during cycle, any time.

Morning to mitigate insomnia. Do not dose evening.

4. Storage

Lyophilised: room temp. Reconstituted: refrigerate ≤30 days.

Room temp ≤25 °C, dry place.

5. Needle

29–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

Monitor BP + HR + mood. Avoid stimulants + MAOIs.

06Stack Synergy

Pinealon

+ Epitalon

Moderate

View Epitalon →

Pinealon (neuroprotection) + Epitalon (telomerase activation) form the canonical Khavinson "longevity stack" — both pineal-derived bioregulators with complementary axes. Pinealon supports neuronal antioxidant defense; Epitalon supports telomere maintenance. Anecdotally cycled together 1–2× per year.

Pinealon: 5–10 mg SQ · daily × 10 days
Epitalon: 5–10 mg SQ · daily × 10 days (overlap or alternate)
Primary benefit: Neuroprotection + telomere preservation

Khavinson 2014 Khavinson 2003

Tesofensine

— no documented stacks