Side-by-side · Research reference

ProstamaxvsSS-31

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

AAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED11/38 cited

BPhase 3HUMAN-REVIEWED9/43 cited

Prostamax

Khavinson Bioregulator · Tissue-Specific Peptide

0.05 ng/mLActive concentrationZakutskiĭ 2006

2.5×SCE frequency increaseDzhokhadze 2012

4 AAPeptide length

SQ · Protocol per Khavinson tradition

SS-31

Cardiolipin-binding · Mitochondrial protective

40 mgDaily doseSzeto 2014

Phase 3Evidence levelSzilagyi 2009 Szeto 2014

~3 hrHalf-life

SQ · Abdomen · Once daily

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

Prostamax

SS-31

Primary target

Chromatin in prostatic cells — pericentromeric heterochromatin regions

Cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membraneSzeto 2014

Pathway

Epigenetic modulation → heterochromatin decondensation → transcriptional derepressionDzhokhadze 2012

Cardiolipin binding → cristae stabilisation → ETC integrity → reduced ROS + preserved ATP synthesisSzeto 2014 Szilagyi 2009

Downstream effect

Increased sister chromatid exchange, Ag-NOR activation, reduced C-heterochromatin condensation; tissue-specific regenerative stimulation in prostate organotypic culturesDzhokhadze 2012 Zakutskiĭ 2006

Mitochondrial bioenergetic preservation; cardio-, neuro-, and reno-protective effects in animal + clinical studiesSzeto 2014

Feedback intact?

—

Origin

Synthetic tetrapeptide modeled on naturally occurring protein-derived bioregulators isolated between lysine-arginine motifs in long-lived speciesKhavinson 2017

Synthetic tetrapeptide D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂; cell-permeable, mitochondrial-selectiveSzeto 2014

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

Prostamax

SS-31

Effective concentration (in vitro)

0.05 ng/mLZakutskiĭ 2006

Organotypic culture model; demonstrated tissue-specific stimulation.

—

Human clinical dose

Not established

No published human trials; dosing extrapolated from Russian clinical tradition (not peer-reviewed).

—

Evidence basis

Animal / organotypic cultureZakutskiĭ 2006 Dzhokhadze 2012

No randomized controlled trials in humans.

Multiple Phase 3 trials (Barth, AMD, ischemia-reperfusion)Szeto 2014 Szilagyi 2009

Age groups studied

Young (3-week) and aged (18-month) rats; elderly humans (75–86 years) in vitroZakutskiĭ 2006 Dzhokhadze 2012

—

Duration

Not specified

Khavinson protocols typically 10–20 days per cycle; no long-term safety data.

Indefinite for mitochondrial disease; cycled for healthspan use

Standard dose

—

40 mg / day SQ (clinical trials)Szeto 2014

Anecdotal community range 5-10 mg/day. Phase 3 trials use 40 mg.

Frequency

—

Once daily

Lower / starter dose

—

5 mg / day (anecdotal)

Reconstitution

—

Bacteriostatic water

Timing

—

Morning fasted preferred; pre-workout for exercise-induced mitochondrial stress

Half-life

—

~3 h plasma; tissue uptake longer

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

Prostamax

SS-31

Published adverse events

None reported in available literature

—

Genotoxicity signals

Increased sister chromatid exchange (SCE) — marker of DNA recombination/repair; unclear long-term implications

—

Metal ion interactions

Modulates Cu(II) and Cd(II) chromatin effects; unknown clinical relevance

—

Human safety data

Absent — no published Phase 1/2/3 trials

—

Injection site reaction

—

Erythema, mild pruritus

GI symptoms

—

Nausea (uncommon)

Headache

—

Reported in some Phase 3 trials

Cardiovascular

—

Cardio-protective in studies; no signal of harm

Long-term safety

—

Phase 3 data over 24+ months; no major safety signalsSzeto 2014

Pregnancy / OB

—

Avoid — insufficient data

Absolute Contraindications

Prostamax

·Active prostate malignancy — epigenetic modulation effects unknown in cancer

SS-31

·Pregnancy / breastfeeding
·Hypersensitivity to peptide

Relative Contraindications

Prostamax

·History of prostate cancer — theoretical concern re: transcriptional activation
·Undiagnosed prostatic nodules or elevated PSA

SS-31

·None established

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

Prostamax

SS-31

1. Route

Subcutaneous or intramuscular — per Khavinson bioregulator tradition. No published human pharmacokinetic data.

Add bacteriostatic water per label. Light-protected handling.

2. Reconstitution

If lyophilised: reconstitute with sterile water per manufacturer protocol (not standardized in literature).

SQ — abdomen or thigh. Rotate sites.

3. Frequency

Typically daily or every-other-day in Russian clinical tradition; duration 10–20 days per cycle.

Morning fasted; pre-workout for exercise-augmented mitochondrial stress.

4. Monitoring

No established biomarkers. Theoretical: PSA, prostate imaging, symptom scores (IPSS for BPH).

Lyophilised: refrigerate, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate ≤30 days.

5. Note

All protocols derived from non-peer-reviewed Russian clinical practice; Western regulatory approval absent.

29–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

06Stack Synergy

Prostamax

— no documented stacks

SS-31

+ MOTS-c

Moderate

View MOTS-c →

SS-31 and MOTS-c address mitochondrial decline through complementary axes. SS-31 protects existing mitochondrial structure (cardiolipin binding, cristae stabilisation). MOTS-c upregulates AMPK/PGC-1α, triggering biogenesis of new mitochondria. Together they pair preservation with renewal — anecdotally favoured in healthspan and post-cardio-event recovery protocols.

SS-31: 5–10 mg SQ · daily morning
MOTS-c: 5 mg SQ · 2× per week pre-workout
Primary benefit: Mitochondrial preservation + biogenesis