Side-by-side · Research reference
CardiogenvsPE 22-28
Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.
AAnimal-MechanisticHUMAN-REVIEWED5/46 cited
BAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED16/47 cited
Cardiogen
Bioregulator · Cardiac
CardiacTissue target
Gene regulationMechanism
AnimalEvidence level
SQ · Variable protocols
PE 22-28
TREK-1 Antagonist · Pre-Clinical
IP · SQ · Once Daily (animal models)Djillani 2017Pietri 2019
01Mechanism of Action
Parameter
Cardiogen
PE 22-28
Primary target
Cardiovascular cell gene expressionKhavinson 2022
TREK-1 two-pore-domain potassium channelDjillani 2017Ma 2020
Pathway
Peptide bioregulation → modulation of SASP / inflammaging → cardiac tissue homeostasisKhavinson 2022
TREK-1 channel blockade → Neuronal membrane depolarisation → Enhanced hippocampal excitability → Increased neuroplasticity
Downstream effect
Suppression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), reduction of age-related inflammatory markers, modulation of heat shock protein expression in cardiac tissue
Antidepressant-like activity in forced swim test and tail suspension test; reduced A1-like reactive astrocyte activation; neuroprotection via NF-κB pathway modulationDjillani 2017Cong 2023Wu 2021
Feedback intact?
Presumed — peptide bioregulators act via gene regulation, not receptor agonism
N/A — direct ion channel blockade; not receptor-mediated endocrine axis
Origin
Derived from cardiac tissue peptide extracts; synthetic analogue based on Khavinson bioregulator methodology
Synthetic truncation of spadin (PE 12-28), itself derived from the sortilin propeptide C-terminus. Residues 22-28: Val-Val-Arg-Gly-Trp-Leu-Arg.Djillani 2017Mazella 2018
Antibody development
—
Not reported in animal studies
02Dosage Protocols
Parameter
Cardiogen
PE 22-28
Standard dose
Variable — typically 10–20 mg per course
No standardised human protocol; animal-derived dosing.
—
Frequency
Intermittent courses — 10–20 days, repeated periodically
Khavinson-school bioregulators typically dosed as periodic interventions, not continuous.
Once daily
Sustained antidepressant effect over 7+ days.
Evidence basis
Animal models / mechanistic studies
No Phase 1+ human trials in PubMed.
Multiple rodent RCTs; behavioral + electrophysiology endpointsDjillani 2017Qi 2018Wu 2021
Route
Subcutaneous injection
—
Duration
10–20 day courses, repeated 2–4× per year
Russian geriatric protocols; unclear extrapolation to general populations.
—
Animal dose (antidepressant)
—
0.3–3 µg/kg IP
Effective in forced swim test, tail suspension test, CUMS models.
Animal dose (neuroprotection)
—
0.03 µg/kg IPPietri 2019
Low-dose TREK-1 activation post-stroke for 7 days, then high-dose blockade.
Onset (animal)
—
Within hours (acute); full effect 4–7 days
Comparison to fluoxetine
—
PE 22-28 outperforms fluoxetine in CUMS-sensitive rats by day 7
Chronic administration shows superior long-term efficacy.
Human equivalent (extrapolated)
—
Not established — no clinical trials
Allometric scaling from rodent data unavailable.
04Side Effects & Safety
Parameter
Cardiogen
PE 22-28
Injection site reactions
Mild erythema, induration (presumed)
—
Systemic adverse events
No documented serious AEs in available literature
Very limited safety data; no rigorous pharmacovigilance.
—
Immunogenicity
Unknown — no antibody development studies published
—
Long-term safety
Unknown — no extended human trials indexed in PubMed
Unknown — longest animal study 28 days
Toxicity (animal)
—
No adverse effects reported at therapeutic doses
Cardiovascular (theoretical)
—
TREK-1 expressed in cardiac tissue; arrhythmia risk unclear
Weight change
—
Not reported in animal studies
Neurological
—
No seizures or behavioral abnormalities noted
Absolute Contraindications
Cardiogen
- ·Active malignancy (theoretical peptide growth factor concern)
- ·Hypersensitivity to peptide components
PE 22-28
- ·Human use — no clinical safety data available
Relative Contraindications
Cardiogen
- ·Acute cardiac events (no safety data in acute MI, unstable angina)
- ·Pregnancy / lactation (no reproductive toxicity data)
PE 22-28
- ·Cardiac arrhythmia or channelopathy (theoretical TREK-1 cardiac role)
05Administration Protocol
Parameter
Cardiogen
PE 22-28
1. Reconstitution
Add sterile water or saline per manufacturer instructions (typically 1–2 mL per lyophilised vial). Roll gently to dissolve.
Dissolved in sterile saline or vehicle. Intraperitoneal injection, 0.3–3 µg/kg body weight. Once daily administration in rodent behavioral studies.
2. Injection site
Subcutaneous — abdomen or thigh. Rotate sites. Use sterile technique.
Shorter peptide length (7 AA) confers improved plasma stability vs 17-AA spadin. Exact storage conditions not detailed in published protocols.Djillani 2017
3. Timing
Variable — often evening injection. No established circadian preference.
Enhanced CNS bioavailability vs full spadin, likely due to smaller size. Mechanism (passive diffusion vs active transport) not fully characterized.
4. Storage
Lyophilised: refrigerate 2–8 °C, protect from light. Reconstituted: use immediately or refrigerate, discard after 7–14 days per labeling.
Not established — peptide synthesis methods for research use only. No pharmaceutical-grade formulation available.
5. Needle
27–30G insulin syringe, 45° angle for subcutaneous administration.
—
06Stack Synergy
Cardiogen
+ Thymalin
ModerateKhavinson-school multi-organ bioregulator approach: thymalin (thymic peptide) addresses immune senescence while cardiogen targets cardiac tissue. Combined use in geriatric populations demonstrated normalisation of cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune parameters with reduced mortality over 6–8 years of observation.
- Cardiogen
- 10–20 mg SQ · 10–20 day course
- Thymalin
- 10–30 mg IM · concurrent or sequential courses
- Frequency
- 2–4 courses per year
- Primary benefit
- Multi-system aging mitigation, cardiovascular and immune homeostasis
PE 22-28
— no documented stacks