Side-by-side · Research reference

TB-500vsVilon

Side-by-side comparison across mechanism, dosage, evidence, side effects, administration, and stack synergies. Citations on every claim where available.

APhase 2HUMAN-REVIEWED8/46 cited

BAnimal-StrongHUMAN-REVIEWED13/49 cited

TB-500

Thymosin β4 fragment · Healing

2 mgPer doseGoldstein 2012

Phase 2Evidence levelGoldstein 2012

~2 hrHalf-life

SQ or IM · Multiple sites · 2–3×/week

Vilon

Khavinson Bioregulator · Dipeptide

2 AADipeptide

T-helperStimulatesLinkova 2011

MouseModel basisKhavinson 2002

Literature lacks standardised clinical route

01Mechanism of Action

Parameter

TB-500

Vilon

Primary target

G-actin (sequestering) + cell-surface integrinsGoldstein 2012

Immune cell differentiation pathways, chromatin modification

Pathway

Actin remodelling → cell migration; integrin-linked signaling → angiogenesis; anti-inflammatory cytokine modulationGoldstein 2012 Malinda 1999

Vilon → Thymocyte sphingomyelinase activation → T-helper & cytotoxic T-cell differentiation; epigenetic suppression of aging markers (CCL11, HMGB1)

Downstream effect

Accelerated wound healing, endothelial migration, hair follicle regeneration, cardiac repair (preclinical)Goldstein 2012

Enhanced T-cell differentiation (CD4+, CD8+, B-cells), thymocyte proliferation, modulated IL-1β comitogenic activity, proposed chromatin decondensation in aged lymphocytesLinkova 2011 Khavinson 2002 Lezhava 2023

Feedback intact?

Endogenous protein at baseline; supplementation amplifies

Unknown — no HPA/HPG axis data

Origin

17-AA active fragment of endogenous 43-AA thymosin β4 (TMSB4X gene)Goldstein 2012

Synthetic dipeptide derived from Khavinson thymic peptide extraction studies (Thymalin fraction)Morozov 1997

Antibody development

—

02Dosage Protocols

Parameter

TB-500

Vilon

Standard dose

2 mg per injectionGoldstein 2012

Anecdotal community range; clinical Phase 2 trials used 70–840 mcg/kg IV.

No clinical standard — literature lacks human dosing

Russian practice: often combined with other Khavinson peptides; no FDA/EMA trials.

Frequency

2× per week (loading); then 1× per week (maintenance)

Unknown — literature does not specify chronic administration protocols

Lower / starter dose

1 mg per injection

—

Evidence basis

Animal-strong + Phase 2 dermal/ocular trialsGoldstein 2012

Mouse / in vitro only

Duration

4–8 weeks loading; longer maintenance for chronic injury

Not characterised in humans

Reconstitution

Bacteriostatic water, 1–2 mL per 5 mg vial

—

Timing

Evening or pre-rest preferred (anecdotal)

—

Half-life

~2 hours (estimated; tissue uptake longer)

Not published — dipeptides typically <10 min plasma t½

Animal model dose

—

In vitro: 0.01–10 μg/mL culture medium (mouse thymocytes)

Not translatable to human mg/kg without pharmacokinetic data.

Route

—

Likely SQ or oral (Khavinson school uses both); no published ROA validation

04Side Effects & Safety

Parameter

TB-500

Vilon

Injection site reaction

Mild erythema, transient pain

—

GI symptoms

Rare nausea (anecdotal)

—

Cancer risk

Theoretical via angiogenesis pathway

—

Lethargy / fatigue

Reported anecdotally during loading phase

—

Antibody formation

No data (no long-term human trials)

Not reported; dipeptides generally low immunogenicity

Pregnancy / OB

Avoid

—

Long-term safety

Unknown beyond Phase 2

—

Human safety data

—

Absent from PubMed-indexed literature

Theoretical risk

—

Immune hyperactivation in autoimmune-prone individuals (T-cell differentiation enhancement)

Animal models

—

No adverse effects noted in mouse thymocyte or pineal lymphoid cultures

Absolute Contraindications

TB-500

·Active malignancy (theoretical angiogenesis concern)
·Pregnancy / breastfeeding

Vilon

·Active autoimmune disease (theoretical — no clinical data)

Relative Contraindications

TB-500

·Cancer history
·Concurrent VEGF inhibitor therapy

Vilon

·Pregnancy / lactation (no safety data)
·Acute infection with cytokine storm risk (immune modulation unknown)

05Administration Protocol

Parameter

TB-500

Vilon

1. Reconstitution

Add 1–2 mL bacteriostatic water to 5 mg vial → 2.5–5 mg/mL. Roll gently.

No clinical protocols exist in Western peer-reviewed literature. Russian gerontological practice may use 1–10 mg ranges, but dosing is empirical.

2. Injection site

SQ near injury site (preferred), or systemic SQ (abdomen). Rotate sites.

Subcutaneous injection (common for Khavinson peptides) or oral (some bioregulators reportedly active orally due to small size). No validated ROA.

3. Timing

Evening or pre-sleep is most common anecdotal timing.

Unknown — no circadian or meal-timing data. Khavinson school often recommends morning administration.

4. Storage

Lyophilised: room temp, light-protected. Reconstituted: refrigerate, ≤30 days.

Likely lyophilised powder, refrigerated. Reconstitution protocols not published.

5. Needle

27–31G, 4–8 mm insulin syringe.

—

06Stack Synergy

TB-500

+ BPC-157

Strong

View BPC-157 →

TB-500 and BPC-157 cover complementary halves of tissue repair: BPC-157 upregulates VEGFR2-driven angiogenesis and fibroblast outgrowth; TB-500 sequesters G-actin to enable endothelial / epithelial migration. The anecdotal canonical "healing stack" — pairs especially well for tendon and ligament injuries.

TB-500: 2 mg SQ · 2× per week
BPC-157: 250–500 mcg SQ · daily
Primary benefit: Combined angiogenesis + cell migration for tendon/ligament/muscle repair

Vilon

+ Epitalon

Moderate

View Epitalon →

Both are Khavinson bioregulators targeting aging pathways. Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) acts on telomerase and pineal function; Vilon on immune differentiation and chromatin decondensation. Combined in Russian gerontological protocols for multi-system aging intervention. Lezhava et al. (2023) tested both on aged lymphocyte chromatin, showing distinct epigenetic effects. Complementary, not synergistic in strict pharmacological sense.

Vilon: Empirical — no standard
Epitalon: Empirical — often 10 mg cycles
Frequency: Sequential or concurrent (literature ambiguous)
Primary benefit: Multi-system aging modulation (immune + pineal/circadian)

+ Thymalin

Weak

View Thymalin →

Thymalin is the parent polypeptide complex from which Vilon was isolated. Both target immune differentiation, but Thymalin is a complex mixture (multiple peptides), whereas Vilon is a purified dipeptide. Morozov & Khavinson (1997) described Vilon as a synthetic successor designed to replicate Thymalin's immunomodulatory effects with greater specificity. Redundant in practice; no published combination studies.

Vilon: No standard
Thymalin: 10–100 mg IM (polypeptide complex)
Primary benefit: Redundant — both target T-cell differentiation

Morozov 1997 Khavinson 2020